Cylindrical lithium battery is a kind of lithium ion battery, its shape is cylindrical, so it is called cylindrical lithium battery. The structure of a typical cylindrical battery includes: casing, cap, cathode, anode, separator, electrolyte, PTC element, gasket, safety valve, etc. Generally, the battery shell is the anode of the battery, the cap is the cathode of the battery, and the battery shell is made of nickel-plated steel plate.
Since Tesla's battery day in September proposed large cylindrical cells, large cylindrical cells have once again become the focus of the battery industry in the market. In addition to Tesla, China's leading cell factories have also begun to invest in the mass industrialization of large cylindrical cells.
According to the data shown by Tesla, the large cylindrical lithium battery will increase the energy by 5 times on the basis of the cylindrical cells, increase the mileage by 16%, and reduce the cost by 14%. Its technical temptation is very significant. However, during the period of rapid development of China's new energy vehicles in the past, first-line brands including CATL and BYD all focused on the technical route of square cells. At present, the industrialization of power batteries is basically based on square batteries, and even Tesla has purchased square batteries with a capacity of about 161Ah in China for use in one of its models.
From a technical perspective, both technical routes have their own value and advantages. In a complex battery system, although batteries account for the highest cost, in terms of safety and cost performance, we cannot only focus on one dimension of batteries. For example, Tesla has industrialized and applied the cylinder and to electric vehicles with energy exceeding 70KWH through advanced management system design. In fact, it is using advanced management to optimize the performance of the battery system.
● Advantages of small capacity flexibility
Due to size and process limitations of cylindrical cells, the capacity of a single cell is usually small. For example, ternary battery 3.5Ah, iron-lithium battery 6Ah, iron-lithium battery 15Ah, iron-lithium battery 20Ah, etc. Aside from electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage markets, in other fields, such as AGV, portable energy storage, and home energy storage, the capacity of single-module batteries is usually not very large. In practical applications, the large-capacity square cells positioned for automobiles and large-scale energy storage do not necessarily exactly match the market demand, including size and capacity.
The small-capacity cylindrical lithium battery can be connected in parallel to meet the battery module capacity needs of certain market demands. For example, the two types of lithium batteries 24V60Ah and 48V30Ah used in AGV cars are relatively common needs. Three types of cylinders, , and , can be combined in parallel to form the required 60Ah or 30Ah modules. At the same time, there are more flexible operation possibilities in the space structure to meet the design requirements of different models.
● Cost advantage
In the production and manufacture of all lithium-ion batteries in lithium battery companies in the world, the process standardization of cylindrical lithium battery is the highest, and it is also the earliest commercialized battery. The assembly efficiency is significantly higher than that of square batteries and pouch batteries. The winding process of cylindrical batteries has reached the level of 200PPM with the gradual improvement of automation. Even though the efficiency of large cylindrical lithium batteries is slightly lower than that of traditional / cylindrical cells, it is much higher than the efficiency of stacking or winding processes of square cells and pouch cells (usually around 10PPM).
The reason for the small capacity of the cylindrical lithium battery is that the strip-shaped continuous pole piece after coating is cut into strip-shaped small pole pieces, and the miniaturization of the pole piece can improve the utilization rate of the entire pole piece material. Usually under the same screening criteria and automation level, the material utilization rate of cylindrical cells is 3-5% higher than that of square cells.
● The heat dissipation effect is obvious
Lithium-ion battery fires are all caused by thermal runaway, and the spread of thermal runaway is also the main concern of battery system safety performance. Cylindrical structure is the most likely solution to thermal runaway, while square and pouch structures are basically unsolvable. The low capacity of a single cell causes thermal runaway to release less energy, which is different from high-energy, large-capacity square cells or pouch cells. At the same time, with the gradual improvement of material safety, the heat release caused by thermal runaway is reduced, which significantly increases the safety of the battery system.
The curved surface structure of the cylindrical lithium battery limits the heat transfer process between the cells to a certain extent, and has a certain positive effect on the spread of thermal runaway. However, square batteries and pouch batteries are basically unsolvable in this regard. Furthermore, with the promotion of the full-tab process, the heat transfer of cylindrical cells is more on the upper and lower end caps of the cells, and the heat transfer on the curved surface will also be reduced.
The above is some analysis and thinking based on different application scenarios of lithium batteries with different structures. Although the focus is on analyzing the advantages of cylindrical lithium battery, it is undeniable that cylindrical cells have shortcomings in certain application fields. At the same time, it is also necessary to objectively understand the own advantages of square cells and pouch cells.
With the development of lithium battery technology, there are more and more types of cylindrical lithium battery. Cylindrical lithium battery are divided into lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and ternary materials. The three material systems have different advantages. Let's take a look at the models and specifications of cylindrical lithium battery. Cylindrical lithium battery is usually represented by five digits. Counting from the left, the first and second digits refer to the diameter of the battery, the third and fourth digits refer to the height of the battery, and the fifth digit refers to the circle. There are many types of cylindrical lithium battery, the more common ones are , , , , , , and so on.
● battery
The battery is a cylindrical lithium battery with a diameter of 10mm and a height of 44mm. It is the same size as what we often call the 7th battery. This battery capacity is generally small, only a few hundred mAh, and is mainly used in mini electronic products. Such as flashlights, mini stereos, megaphones, etc.
● battery
The battery is a cylindrical lithium battery with a diameter of 14mm and a height of 50mm. This is also the size of what we have always called the AA battery. This kind of battery is generally 3.7V or 3.2V. The nominal capacity is relatively small, a little larger than the battery, generally mAh, and the discharge performance is superior. The most important application field is consumer electronics, such as wireless audio, electric toys, digital cameras, etc.
● battery
The battery is a cylindrical lithium battery with a diameter of 16mm and a height of 34mm. Due to its shorter height and relatively small capacity, this kind of battery often appears in glare flashlights, LED flashlights, headlights, laser lights, lighting fixtures, etc.
● battery
The battery is a lithium-ion battery with a diameter of 18mm and a height of 65mm. Its biggest feature is that it has a very high energy density, almost reaching 170 Wh/kg, so this battery is a battery with better cost performance. Most of the battery store we often see are batteries, because it is a relatively mature lithium-ion battery, and the system quality is stable in all aspects. It is widely used in occasions with a battery capacity of about 10 kWh, such as mobile phones, notebook computers and other small electrical appliances.
● battery
The battery is a cylindrical lithium battery with a diameter of 21mm and a height of 70mm. Because of its larger volume and greater space utilization, the energy density of the battery cell and the system can be improved, and its volumetric energy density is much higher than that of the battery. Widely used in digital, electric vehicles, balance cars, solar energy lithium-ion battery street lights, LED lights, power tools, etc.
● battery
The battery is a cylindrical lithium battery with a diameter of 26mm and a height of 65mm, with a nominal voltage of 3.2V and a nominal capacity of mAh. This kind of cylindrical lithium battery has the characteristics of excellent capacity and high consistency, and has gradually become a trend to replace batteries. Many products in power lithium batteries will also gradually favor it.
Cylindrical cells are a type of lithium-ion battery characterized by their cylindrical shape and robust metal casing. These cells play a key role in energy storage systems, offering high reliability and scalability. Industries such as electric vehicles and consumer electronics widely adopt these batteries. In , the global cylindrical lithium battery market was valued at USD 39.02 billion and is projected to reach USD 61.04 billion by . Their superior energy density and durability make them essential for powering modern devices and vehicles.
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Cylindrical cells store energy well and last a long time. They are great for electric cars and gadgets we use daily.
Standard sizes, like and , make designing batteries easier. These sizes work for many industries and uses.
Cylindrical cells are built with safety in mind. Strong cases and pressure valves keep them working safely, even in tough situations.
Cylindrical cells are meticulously designed to ensure durability and efficiency. Their cylindrical shape, combined with a robust metal casing, provides excellent structural integrity, making them suitable for demanding applications like electric vehicles and energy storage systems. Inside, these cells consist of several key components:
Cathode (Positive Electrode): Typically made from materials like LCO, NMC, or LiFePO4, which influence the cell’s energy density and lifespan.
Anode (Negative Electrode): Often composed of graphite or silicon-based materials to enhance capacity.
Separator: A porous polyolefin membrane that prevents short circuits while allowing lithium ions to pass through.
Electrolyte: A solution of lithium salts in organic solvents, facilitating ion movement between electrodes.
Outer Casing: Constructed from steel or aluminum alloy to protect internal components and ensure safety.
The cylindrical design also aids in thermal management, as the uniform shape allows for even heat dissipation. This feature is critical for maintaining performance and extending the battery’s lifespan.
Note: The precision required in welding and handling during battery manufacturing ensures the reliability of cylindrical cells. Effective thermal management strategies further enhance their performance in high-energy applications.
The naming convention for cylindrical cells follows a standardized format that provides insight into their dimensions. For instance, the popular “” cell derives its name from its size:
18: Diameter of 18 millimeters.
65: Height of 65 millimeters.
0: Indicates a cylindrical shape.
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Other common sizes include (21 mm × 70 mm) and (46 mm × 80 mm). These standardized dimensions simplify integration into battery packs, ensuring compatibility across various devices and industries.
Cylindrical cells come in various chemistries, each tailored to specific applications. Below is a table summarizing the most common types:
Each type offers unique advantages. For example, LiFePO4 cells excel in safety and longevity, while NMC cells provide higher energy density, making them ideal for electric vehicles. The choice of chemistry depends on the specific requirements of the energy storage device or application.
Tip: When selecting a cylindrical cell, consider factors like energy density, cycle life, and thermal performance to ensure optimal results for your project.
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Cylindrical cells offer a range of benefits that make them a preferred choice in energy storage systems and lithium-ion battery packs. Their design and performance characteristics provide significant advantages across various applications, including electric vehicles and consumer electronics.
High Energy Density: Cylindrical cells deliver impressive energy density, enabling compact battery packs with extended runtime. This feature is particularly valuable in electric vehicles, where maximizing energy storage is critical.
Scalability: The standardized sizes of cylindrical cells, such as and , simplify the process of scaling battery packs for different energy requirements. This modularity supports diverse applications, from small consumer electronics to large industrial systems.
Efficient Heat Dissipation: The cylindrical shape promotes uniform heat distribution, reducing the risk of hotspots and enhancing thermal stability. This characteristic ensures reliable performance under demanding conditions.
Durability and Longevity: The robust metal casing of cylindrical cells provides excellent mechanical strength, protecting internal components from external shocks. Combined with advanced chemistries like LiFePO4, these cells achieve a longer lifespan, making them cost-effective over time.
Improved Charging and Discharging Rates: Cylindrical cells support faster charging and discharging cycles, which is essential for applications requiring high power output, such as robotics and industrial tools.
Tip: When designing battery systems, consider cylindrical cells for their durability and scalability. Their ability to withstand mechanical stress makes them ideal for high-performance applications.
Despite their numerous advantages, cylindrical cells also have certain limitations that you should consider when selecting a battery solution. These drawbacks often depend on the specific application and design requirements.
Limited Design Flexibility: The rigid cylindrical shape can restrict design options, especially in applications requiring custom battery configurations.
Lower Packing Efficiency: Compared to prismatic or pouch cells, cylindrical cells leave more unused space when assembled into battery packs. This can reduce overall energy density at the system level.
Increased Manufacturing Complexity: The winding process used in cylindrical cells, particularly in larger formats like , demands precise mechanical properties. This complexity can increase production costs and time.
Thermal Behavior Challenges: Under high testing currents, cylindrical cells may exhibit thermal resistance issues in current collectors. This can impact performance, especially in applications requiring sustained high power output.
Note: While cylindrical cells excel in many areas, their limitations highlight the importance of evaluating your specific application needs. For custom solutions tailored to your requirements, explore our offerings here.
Safety remains a top priority in battery design, and cylindrical cells incorporate multiple features to minimize risks. These mechanisms ensure reliable operation, even under challenging conditions.
Robust Outer Casing: The steel or aluminum alloy casing provides mechanical protection, reducing the likelihood of damage from external impacts.
Pressure Relief Valves: Cylindrical cells include built-in pressure relief mechanisms to prevent explosions in case of overpressure.
Callout: Cylindrical cells are designed with safety in mind, making them a reliable choice for applications requiring high energy density and durability. For more insights into sustainable battery solutions, visit our sustainability page.
Cylindrical cells and prismatic cells differ significantly in design, performance, and application. Cylindrical cells feature a compact, standardized design, making them ideal for modular battery packs. Prismatic cells, on the other hand, offer higher energy density per unit, which suits applications requiring fewer cells.
Cylindrical cells excel in high-discharge applications like power tools and electric vehicles due to their durability and thermal management. Prismatic cells, with their larger size and fewer connections, are better suited for large-scale energy storage systems.
Tip: When choosing between these two, consider your application’s energy density and discharge rate requirements.
Pouch cells differ from cylindrical cells in packaging and performance. While cylindrical cells use a metal casing for durability, pouch cells rely on flexible packaging, which improves space utilization but reduces mechanical stability.
Cylindrical cells are preferred for applications requiring durability and long life, such as robotics and industrial tools. Pouch cells, with their efficient packaging, are gaining popularity in consumer electronics and lightweight devices.
Note: For applications in harsh environments, cylindrical cells provide better reliability due to their robust design.
Cylindrical cells demonstrate versatility across various industries. Their standardized design and superior thermal management make them a reliable choice for demanding applications.
Electric Vehicles: Cylindrical cells, such as the format, are widely used in electric vehicles for their high discharge rates and scalability.
Energy Storage Systems: Grid-scale storage systems benefit from the durability and modularity of cylindrical cells.
Consumer Electronics: Devices like laptops and power banks rely on cylindrical cells for their compact size and reliability.
Industrial Applications: Cylindrical cells withstand mechanical stress, making them ideal for industrial tools and robotics.
Medical Devices: Their safety features and long lifespan ensure dependable performance in critical medical applications.
Cylindrical cells continue to dominate sectors requiring robust and scalable energy solutions. For tailored battery solutions, explore our custom battery solutions.
Cylindrical cells stand out for their robust design, scalability, and efficient thermal management. Their advantages, such as high energy density and durability, make them indispensable in energy storage systems and electric vehicles. Compared to prismatic and pouch cells, cylindrical cells offer unmatched reliability for high-performance applications.
Innovations in cylindrical cell technology continue to reshape the lithium-ion battery market. By , global demand for large cylindrical batteries is expected to reach up to 235 GWh, with major manufacturers like Tesla and Panasonic driving advancements. These developments promise higher energy density, faster charging, and reduced costs, solidifying cylindrical cells as a cornerstone of future energy solutions.
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The most popular sizes include (18×65 mm), (21×70 mm), and (46×80 mm). These standardized dimensions simplify integration into various devices and systems.
Tip: Choose the size based on your device’s energy and space requirements.
Cylindrical cells feature robust casings, pressure relief valves, and current interrupt devices (CID). These mechanisms prevent overheating, overcharging, and short circuits, ensuring reliable performance.
Their modular design, high energy density, and efficient heat dissipation make them ideal for EVs. They also support scalability, enabling manufacturers to create battery packs for diverse vehicle models.
Note: Cylindrical cells like the format are revolutionizing EV battery technology.
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