Calcium fluoride single crystal refers to the regular and periodic arrangement of the particles inside the crystal in three dimensions. Calcium fluoride single crystal has better consistency and uniformity and can be freely oriented as well as directional. It is suitable for imaging and high power laser products that require high precision, etc.
RuiQi Optics contains other products and information you need, so please check it out.
Our company can supply many specifications of single crystal calcium fluoride blanks and finished products.The shape of the blank contains round, rectangular, drilled, windows, lenses, galvanometers, special shaped etc.
Calcium fluoride(CaF2) crystals are widely used as window, lens, prism, beam splitter and substrate materials from vacuum UV to mid-infrared wavelengths because of their high transmittance and very high laser damage threshold in the deep UV region. High purity calcium fluoride single crystals are good window materials for excimer lasers in the vacuum UV band, and single crystals or hot forged single crystals are window materials for carbon monoxide and chemical lasers.The good optical properties of calcium fluoride crystals in the vacuum band are unmatched by other materials.Calcium fluoride single crystal materials for this band also have the advantages of radiation resistance, high ozone resistance, fluorine corrosion resistance, and low cost.
Coating refers to coating a transparent electrolyte film or metal film on the surface of the substrate material by physical or chemical methods. The purpose is to change the reflection and transmission characteristics of the material surface to reduce or increase the reflection, beam splitting, color separation, light filtering, polarization and other requirements.We can provide various optical coatings such as anti-reflective films, high-reflective films, spectral films, and metallic films. Broadband anti-reflective films are available for UV, visible, NIR and mid-infrared wavelengths.
VIR Grade
●Typical Size：φ80mm×180mm、φ100mm×180mm
●Maximum size：φ400mm×60mm
●Application Wavelength：400nm - 7.6μm
●Crystal Structure：Monocrystalline,Sub-structure,Polycrystalline
●Internal transmittance：>99.0%（10mm thick sample）
●Average stress birefringence：PV 1~30nm/cm@633nm
●Optical uniformity:PV 3 - 50ppm@633nm
●25-125mW green light test without naked eye visible light column, bubbles,
scattered particles, etc.
UR Grade
●Typical Size：φ80mm×180mm、φ100mm×180mm
●Maximum size：φ400mm×60mm
●Application Wavelength：200nm - 400nm
●Crystal Structure：Single crystal allows substructure
●Internal transmittance：>99.0%（10mm thick sample）
●Average stress birefringence：PV 1~30nm/cm@633nm
●Optical uniformity:PV 3 - 20ppm@633nm
●No absorption peak at 205nm, absorption peak near 306nm±5nm≤0.2%
●25-125mW green light test without naked eye visible light column, bubbles,
scattered particles, etc.
VUV Grade
●Application Wavelength：130nm - 200nm
●Crystal Structure：Monocrystalline
●Transmittance： >50% @ 130nm，>80% @ 160nm，>85% @ 200nm
（10mm thick sample）
●Average stress birefringence：PV 1~20nm/cm@633nm
●Optical uniformity:PV 1 - 15ppm@633nm
●25-125mW green light test without naked eye visible light column, bubbles,
scattered particles, etc.
IC Tool Grade，ICT Grade
●Application Wavelength：157nm，193nm，248nm，355nm
●Crystal Structure：Monocrystalline
●Internal transmittance： >99.8% @ 355nm，>99.8% @ 248nm，
>99.7% @193nm，>99.4% @ 157nm,（10mm thick sample）
No absorption at 205nm and 306nm
●Average stress birefringence：PV 2~10nm/cm@633nm
●Optical uniformity:PV 3 - 20ppm@633nm
●25-125mW green light test without naked eye visible light column, bubbles,
scattered particles, etc.
IC Laser Grade，ICL Grade
●Typical metrics are consistent with IC tool Grades
●Laser tolerance: There is no standard available for consultation
●Laser damage threshold: ~7J/cm2 @ 193nm
Raman Grade
●Application Wavelength：130nm-7.6μm
●Crystal Structure：Monocrystalline
●Internal transmittance： >50% @ 130nm，>80% @ 160nm，
>85% @ 200nm（10mm thick sample）No absorption at 205nm and 306nm
●Average stress birefringence：PV 2~30nm/cm@633nm
●25-125mW green light test without naked eye visible light column, bubbles,
scattered particles, etc.
●Non-fluorescent crystals
Transmittance test
●Inspection equipment
UV-Visible Spectrophotometer
●Samples：
No scattering calcium fluoride crystals, diameter not less than 20mm, thickness not less than 3mm,through the polished surface finish to 80/50
●Grade
IR Grade
Are you interested in learning more about Caf2 Window? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!
●The transmittance of 400nm and above is higher than 93%, and the transmittance curve of 200nm~400nm may have absorption at 205nm or 306 peak.
Monocrystalline
●There are no visible grain boundaries or wicker-like stripes on the crystal surface when examined under naked eye daylight.
Sub-crystal
●When examined under naked-eye daylight, there are willow stripes on the surface of the crystal with an area < 1/6 (end diameter), and the willow stripes are not visible after polishing .
Polycrystalline
●When examined under naked-eye daylight, there are penetrating crystal boundary lines on the surface of the crystal, and the difference in the degree of light and darkness between the two sides of the crystal boundary lines is obvious.
●N-BK7
N-BK7 is the most commonly used optical glass for processing high quality optical components,, with excellent transmittance from visible to near-infrared wavelengths(350-nm), and has a wide range of applications in telescopes, lasers and other fields. N-BK7 is generally chosen when the additional benefits of UV fused silica (very good transmittance and low coefficient of thermal expansion in the UV band) are not required.
●UV fused silica
UV fused silica has a high transmission from the UV to NIR (185-nm). In addition, UV fused silica has better uniformity and lower coefficient of thermal expansion than H-K9L (N-BK7), making it particularly suitable for high power laser and imaging applications.
●Calcium fluoride
Due to its high transmittance and low refractive index within a wavelength of 180nm-8um, calcium fluoride is often used as windows and lenses in spectrometers and thermal imaging systems. In addition, it has good applications in excimer lasers because of its high laser damage threshold.
●Barium fluoride
Barium fluoride have high transmittance from the 200nm-11um and they are resistant to stronger high-energy radiation. At the same time, barium fluoride has excellent scintillation properties and can be made into various infrared and ultraviolet optical components. However, the disadvantage of barium fluoride is that it is less resistant to water. When exposed to water, the performance degrades significantly at 500℃, but it can be used for applications up to 800℃ in a dry environment. At the same time, barium fluoride has excellent scintillation properties and can be made into various infrared and ultraviolet optical components.It should be noted that when handling barium fluoride material, gloves must be worn at all times and hands must be washed thoroughly after handling.
●Magnesium fluoride
Magnesium fluoride is ideal for applications in the wavelength range of 200nm-6um. Compared to other materials, magnesium fluoride is particularly durable in the deep UV and far IR wavelength ranges. Magnesium fluoride is a powerful material for resistance to chemical corrosion, laser damage, mechanical shock and thermal shock. It is harder than calcium fluoride crystals, but relatively soft compared to fused silica, and has a slight hydrolysis. It has a Nucleus hardness of 415 and a refractive index of 1.38.
●Zinc selenide
Zinc selenide has high transmittance in the 600nm-16um and is commonly used in thermal imaging, infrared imaging, and medical systems. Also, due to its low absorption, zinc selenide is particularly suitable for use in high-power CO2 lasers. It should be noted that zinc selenide is a relatively soft material (Nucleus hardness 120) and is easily scratched, so it is not recommended for use in harsh environments. Extra care should be taken when holding, and cleaning, pinching or wiping with even force, and it is best to wear gloves or rubber finger covers to prevent tarnishing. Cannot be held with tweezers or other tools.
●Silicon
Silicon is suitable for use in the NIR band from 1.2-8um.Because of its low
density, silicon is particularly suitable in applications where weight
requirements are sensitive, especially in the 3-5um . Silicon has a Nucleus
hardness of , which is harder than germanium and not as fragile as
germanium.It is not suitable for transmission applications in CO2 lasers
because of its strong absorption band at 9um.
●Germanium
Germanium is suitable for use in the near-infrared band of 2-16um and is well
suited for infrared lasers. Due to its high refractive index, minimal surface
curvature and low chromatic aberration, germanium does not usually require
correction in low power imaging systems. However, germanium is more
severely affected by temperature, and the transmittance decreases with
increasing temperature; therefore, it can only be applied below 100°C. The
density of germanium (5.33 g/cm³) is taken into account when designing
systems with strict weight requirements. Germanium lenses feature a
precision diamond lathe turned surface, a feature that makes them well suited
for a variety of infrared applications, including thermal imaging systems,
infrared beam splitters, telemetry, and in the forward-looking infrared (FLIR)
field.
●CVD ZnS
CVD ZnS is the only infrared optical material, other than diamond, that covers visible to long-wave infrared (LWIR), full wavelength and even microwave wavelengths, and is currently the most important LWIR window material. It can be used as windows and lenses for high-resolution thermal imaging systems, as well as for advanced applications such as "tri-optical" windows and near-infrared laser/dual-color infrared composite windows.
The optical windows is a double-sided parallel plane plate, which does not change the magnification of the system. Optical windows are usually used as a external protective barrier to protect optical detectors, sensors, optical lenses from the light transmission. Optical windows are commonly used in biomedicine, scientific research, underwater imaging, aerospace, optical instruments, laser optics, military defense, and other fields.CLZ Optical Co.,Ltd. can provide you with customized optical windows made of various optical materials, such as N-BK7, H-K9L, B270, Borofloat, silicon (Si), ultraviolet quartz glass, and sapphire. . And can provide a variety of coatings in the ultraviolet (UV), visible light (VIS) or infrared (IR) range.
Optical windows are sorted by optical materials:
The chemical properties of N-BK7and H-K9Lare very stable, scratch and corrosion resistant. N-BK7 and H-K9L are easy to be ground and polished and is a kind of high-quality optical material. BK7 has high homogeneity, with low content of bubbles and magazines. They have good internal transmittance in the range of visible and near infrared spectrum (330 nm-2.0 µm). When the thickness of optical materials is 10mm, the internal transmittance is greater than 90%.
According to the spectral region, quartz glass is divided into JGS1, JGS2, JGS3 (related to the Hydroxyl Group in the material). JGS1 is Fused Silica with UV-Quality. It has high transmittance in the 180-nm wave band (about 93.5%). JGS2 with a transmission rate of more than 93.5% is transparent in the 220- nm band. JGS3 is Fused Silica with IR-Quality. It has high transmittance in the 260-nm wave band.
Fused silica is resistant to high temperatures up to a maximum operating temperature of ° C; resistant to acid corrosion and hardly reacts with acids; low coefficient of thermal expansion and can withstand severe temperature changes. Fused silica windows can be used in lasers, laboratory instruments, medical instruments, security monitoring, optical communications, etc.
The density of silicon substrate is low. It is half the density of germanium or zinc selenide. The weight of silicon is relatively light, which is suitable for applications requiring weight. Optical elements made of silicon are harder and less fragile than optical elements made of germanium. In addition, silicon has high thermal conductivity and has good transmittance in the near infrared, mid infrared and far infrared bands. The commonly used spectral band of silicon windows is the near infrared band 1.2-8μm, which is often used in infrared cameras, infrared Detector, infrared spectrum window, etc. In addition to silicon windows, siliocn can also be made into silicon mirrors, silicon lenses and other applicaitons, which are used in high-precision instruments in the infrared band, various laser equipment and industrial applications.
Fluoride materials have a high transmittance in the ultraviolet to far infrared range (calcium fluoride high transmission range 180 nm-8.0 µm, magnesium fluoride high transmission range 200 nm to 6.0 µm), high mechanical and environmental stability, among which Magnesium fluoride can be used in high-pressure environments. Calcium fluoride windows are commonly used in excimer lasers, spectrometers, low temperature thermal imaging systems and other instruments. Magnesium fluoride windows are generally used in the vacuum ultraviolet radiation sources, mechanical vision, microscopes and industrial applications.
◢IR Windows And UV Crystal
Infrared window is an infrared window is an optical window can be through the ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, will have an infrared window installed in the switchgear cabinet, you can realize the switchgear cabinet in the operating state of infrared imaging temperature measurement. And can realize the traditional thermocouple, temperature probe, fiber optic and so on can not achieve accurate temperature measurement.
Classification and use of infrared windows:
Infrared windows can be classified according to the operating band: long-wave infrared windows, short-wave infrared windows and explosion-proof windows.
1. Long-wave infrared window: its working band is: 0.15-14μm, mainly detecting low temperature, room temperature, in the electric power industry, long-wave basically meet the existing power equipment fault detection, simple, fast, comprehensive, accurate solution to the difficult problem of detection in the switchgear, to achieve the switchgear of the on-line real-time detection. At 0.15μm, the infrared transmission rate of the window is 94%; at 12.5μm, the infrared transmission rate of the window is 92%.
2. Short-wave infrared window: Its working band is: 0.15-7μm, mainly detecting high temperature objects over 500℃, such as in the steel-making and other industries. At 0.15μm, the infrared transmission rate of the window is 94%; at 7μm, the infrared transmission rate of the window is 92%.
3. Explosion-proof window: mainly used in flammable and explosive complex environment.
The infrared window makes it easy to carry out all kinds of non-destructive maintenance on the equipment inside the electrical cabinet and realize the condition inspection. It is convenient for electric power maintenance personnel to discover the hidden danger of high-voltage accidents and solve and maintain them in time.
Infrared windows substrate materials
IR Windows substrate materials options from UQG Optics include Calcium Fluoride (CaF2), Barium Fluoride (BaF2), Germanium (Ge), Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2), Borosilicate, Sapphire, Silicon (Si), Fused Quartz, Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) and Zinc Selenide (ZnSe).
1. CaF2
Calcium fluoride has high transmittance from UV to IR (250nm~7μm), so it is widely used in the manufacture of prisms, windows and lenses, etc. In some applications with a wide spectral range, it can be used directly without coating, especially it has a small absorption and high laser threshold, which is very suitable for excimer laser optics. Calcium fluoride lens or window, the diameter range is: 5~150mm, the surface accuracy can usually reach 40/20, the surface flatness can reach λ/10@33nm (the ratio of the thickness of the lens to the diameter needs to comply with the processing ratio).
2. BaF2
Barium fluoride crystals have a wide range of transmittance, with good transmittance in the wavelength range of 0.13μm~14μm. The performance of single crystal and polycrystal is basically the same, and the material is difficult to come out of single crystal, so the price of single crystal is one times of polycrystal. Barium fluoride crystal is an ideal material for making various optical windows, prisms and lenses and other optical components. It can be used for infrared switchboard windows, Fourier gas analysis windows, oil and gas detection, high power lasers, optical instruments and so on. Calcium fluoride lens or window, the diameter range is: 5~150mm, the surface accuracy is usually up to 40/20, and the surface flatness is up to: λ/10@633nm (the ratio of the thickness of the lens to the diameter needs to be in accordance with the processing ratio).
3. Silicon
Silicon (Si) single crystal is a chemically inert material with high hardness and insoluble in water. It has good light transmission in the 1.2 -7um band, and it also has good light transmission in the far-infrared band of 30-300μm, which is a feature that other infrared materials do not have. Silicon (Si) single crystal is usually used as a substrate for 3 -5μm mid-wave infrared optical windows and optical filters. Because of the material's good thermal conductivity and low density, it is often used in the production of laser mirrors and more sensitive to the weight of the volume of the occasion. Silicon lenses or windows, the use of optical grade silicon single crystal, the diameter range is: 5 ~ 260mm, the surface accuracy is usually up to 40/20, the surface flatness up to: λ/10 @ 633nm (the ratio of the thickness of the lens to the diameter of the lens to comply with the processing ratio.
For more information, please visit Optical Lenses Types.