Suppose I wanted a transformer but I screwed up the math and bought one that is sqrt(2) lower than I need it. Suppose we throw "do it right" out the window for the sake of argument and I want to force this transformer to put out more than it's supposed to.
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Given that the transformer is 1:10 and rated for 20kHz and that initially I was going to feed it a 50% duty voltage to get a 10x step up but in fact it's only going to be 5x once I average it over a huge capacitor (pk-pk will be 10x but the DC equivalent will only be 5x), can I increase the output voltage by either increasing frequency or duty cycle? Naively I thought duty cycle would do the trick BUT, at some point, the coil is mostly charged and only being discharged over a very short interval at high duty cycles (at 90% it's only off 1/10th of the time so can't fully discharge due to time constant). So can duty even increase the voltage at all or is anything other than 50/50 hurting the output? I imagine 50/50 gives you maximum flux but also the transformer's time constant might come into play. Maybe you can get a higher duty if the time constant is very low compared to the switching frequency?
Aside from duty, any other tricks to "overclock" the transformer or otherwise get it to put out more voltage through some sort of trickery, even if it comes at the expense of efficiency? Also this is all in the context that the secondary side is being loaded and not open circuit.
Sorry let me be a bit clearer.
So I feed a square wave into the primary side at 24V and 50% duty. It can take about 10A on that side. It stands to reason (and I've verified) that the voltage is amplified 10x so I get a 240V pulse out the secondary side but since it's a 50% duty pulse, when you rectify it, you get half that. So I'm not saying I want more than the 240 the ratio is supposed to give me. I'm saying I want more than the 120 I get after rectifying it. The rectification is nothing but a capacitor in my case. Just a big-ass capacitor and that's it. I'm going to use an H-Bridge on the primary side to chop my 20kHz. I want to stay away from adding stuff to the circuit to replace the function of the transformer ( like DC boost/buck converters and the like ) and just rely on the transformer. My whole premise is that the core is designed not fully saturated so I know it can be saturated further. This extra "power" ought to be able to be expressed as voltage in theory, should it not? I'm looking for a way to extract the most voltage I can out of the transformer in a rectified form and am asking about which parameters might be altered to achieve that. Duty cycle would seem obvious but if you look at the extreme cases, 1% duty is essentially off so how can there even be an alternating magnetic field in the steel and 99% is essentially on so again, there's no real field activity to make the transformer work. I therefore assumed that there would be some cutoff point where changing duty actually makes output drop off.
Actually the reality is quite the opposite. I ask a direct question (even the title says transformer physics) and get a page of irrelevant, tangential questions about arduinos and discrete circuitry, which, is why I don't tend to give great quantities of detail so as not to invite wasted time and effort. And at what point did I deny the laws of physics? By your own admission, frequency and duty "change" flux, something I theorized earlier in my posts. Change it how? You mean increase it? As in further saturation of the steel? Does that not produce more power, which is a commodity flexibly expressed as either voltage or current? My question was about when such tweaks cease to produce a positive return, assuming that the time constant of the transformer becomes a bottleneck at extreme duties, be they small or large, or when the frequency is so high it doesn't allow the magnetic field to grow and collapse fully. You would seem to be contradicting yourself if your short answer is, no and your long answer is, both parameters change the flux. I happen to believe that changing these parameters does increase voltage. TINA seems to agree with me as well. Forgive me for not putting blind faith in computer models however, and seeking confirmation here. Rather than chiming in on page 2 to tell me to STFU, you should go back a page and see how I was repeating myself over and over to try to end the conversation rather than perpetuate it. But then maybe my interpersonal skills are no match for the convoluted way in which people interpret questions these days.
Gahhhrrrlic:
No. I had this custom made by a transformer maker. Unless he screwed up.
Why (and how) are you getting custom-made transformers when you don't even know how they work?
Gahhhrrrlic:
Actually the reality is quite the opposite. I ask a direct question (even the title says transformer physics) and get a page of irrelevant, tangential questions about arduinos and discrete circuitry, which, is why I don't tend to give great quantities of detail so as not to invite wasted time and effort. And at what point did I deny the laws of physics? By your own admission, frequency and duty "change" flux, something I theorized earlier in my posts. Change it how? You mean increase it? As in further saturation of the steel? Does that not produce more power, which is a commodity flexibly expressed as either voltage or current? My question was about when such tweaks cease to produce a positive return, assuming that the time constant of the transformer becomes a bottleneck at extreme duties, be they small or large, or when the frequency is so high it doesn't allow the magnetic field to grow and collapse fully. You would seem to be contradicting yourself if your short answer is, no and your long answer is, both parameters change the flux. I happen to believe that changing these parameters does increase voltage. TINA seems to agree with me as well. Forgive me for not putting blind faith in computer models however, and seeking confirmation here. Rather than chiming in on page 2 to tell me to STFU, you should go back a page and see how I was repeating myself over and over to try to end the conversation rather than perpetuate it. But then maybe my interpersonal skills are no match for the convoluted way in which people interpret questions these days.
Rant much? People here can barely understand what you're trying to do, let alone if it's even sensible to do that.
The rectification is nothing but a capacitor in my case. Just a big-ass capacitor and that's it.
For example, it's obvious from this that you don't even know what rectification means. Capacitors don't rectify. That's what diodes do.
My whole premise is that the core is designed not fully saturated so I know it can be saturated further. This extra "power" ought to be able to be expressed as voltage in theory, should it not?
What "theory"? Pulling words out of your butt is not a theory. Why do you think the core isn't being fully saturated? More likely it's designed to be right on the edge of or a little over the saturation point, because if there's room that means a bigger core which takes more material to build. You might not have much room to go up.
A transformer's output voltage is COMEPLETELY determined by the primary voltage multiplied by the turns ratio. That is an absolute limit. If you want more voltage out of the secondary, the ONLY thing you can do is increase the voltage applied to the primary. Changing frequency will not increase your output voltage. Changing the duty cycle will not increase your output voltage. This was pointed out to you in literally the first response.
I happen to believe that changing these parameters does increase voltage.
"What you believe" means nothing. You are wrong.
Here is a high level description of the physics of a transformer. When magnetic flux changes in a coil, it induces a voltage. Conversely, when voltage is applied to a coil is causes a change in flux. Specifically, a continuous voltage will cause a continuous, linear increase in flux that will theoretically continue forever. In reality parasitic resistance and saturation will get in the way of that. The exact relationship of the voltage to that change is determined by the core geometry and material, as well as the number of turns (more turns = slower changing flux).
That ramping flux is also applied to the secondary of the transformer, which induces a voltage across it. In a mirror of what happened to the primary coil, the voltage across the secondary is determined by how much the flux is changing. Since they have the same core geometry, the what's left to determine the voltage is the turns (more turns = more voltage).
Changing the transformer's frequency will not change the rate of flux change, since that is determined by the value of the voltage and not how quickly the voltage changes. Changing duty cycle can only decrease the output voltage, since straying off of a 50% duty cycle gives it more time at one level to drift into saturation. Since you're not changing the actual level of the primary voltage, it doesn't increase the output voltage.
You're at risk of killing yourself with mains level power here. I hope you are taking more precautions than you think are necessary.
People who do not know much about electricity might not know what a transformer is. An electric transformer is a machine that helps transfer electricity from one circuit to another. This transfer is with the help of fluctuating voltage and no frequency alterations.
The power during this transfer can increase and decrease. The electricity is transmitted with the help of electromagnetic induction. The induction takes place in a coil of wire that induces a magnetic voltage and a current supply in the other wire coil that is nearby.
With the help of a transformer, you can step up or down the current levels. The electrical transformer is used in residential and industrial electrical work. They can be complex to understand for the layman. This is why if you need any help with an electrical transformer, you must let an electrician Vancouver help you out! Kato Electrical provides the most refined electrical help to those in need!
Electrical transformers transfer electricity with several intricate functions and features. The transformer works with the help of two windings that are primary and secondary winding. The primary winding is linked to the source of electricity and takes up the power. On the other hand, the secondary winding is the other end of the transformer and is responsible for delivering power.
The two windings have a magnetic core between them, and there is a flux linkage between them. You can observe the changes in the flux linkage of different rates.
To get an alternating flux, the alternating voltage can be attached to the primary winding. This means that both the windings are linked with each other and create an electromagnetic force that helps produce a load current.
This is how an electrical transformer works to transmit AC power between circuits. The EMF is induced in the second winding, and this is how the power is transformed by converting electrical energy's value.
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Electrical transformers can be used to raise and decrease the voltage levels in an AC circuit. It further affects the value of the capacitor or an inductor by increasing or decreasing them. The transformer prevents the direct passage of current from one circuit to another and isolates the two circuits.
There are multiple types of transformers; let's take a look at them:
A power transformer is responsible for transferring electricity from a generator to other distribution circuits. The job of a power transformer is to step up the generator voltage output to meet the transmission system's voltage level.
The autotransformers are large power transformers, and they are largely used for stepping up and stepping down the inter-tie transmission. The inter-tie transformer helps AC networks of various voltages connect with one another, and that is one of the most powerful networks.
The generator step-up transformer is just as the name suggests. It is a transformer used to step up voltage from a generator to the highest voltage exclusively for a transmission grid. These transformers are operated with a constant load close to its rating.
There are many different reasons an electrical transformer can fail, and some of the most common reasons include lightning strikes, wear and tear and power surges. If there is bad weather and excessive lightning strikes, that too can cause an electrical transformer to fail.
Transformers are made of mineral oil, which keeps them as cool as possible. However, when there is a power surge or the transformer gets overcharged, the wiring can heat up and cause a spark.
The high power can cause your electrical transformer to rupture, and this usually happens with a very loud bang. There are also high risks of the transformer catching fire. There can be a lot of smoke, and the cloud can be seen from a great distance.
Line surges are one of the most common causes of transformer failures, which is why you must keep a constant check on the surge in electrical power. You can also contact an electrician to help you out with that. Contact Kato Electrical today, and we will send the electrician Vancouver your way!
The failure of a transformer can lead to a complete blackout of the area. If you witness the failure of a transformer, the very first thing you need to do is report it to the authorities. As the situation can escalate, the best thing to do is to call emergency numbers and an electrician Vancouver right away. Only the experts will be able to handle a situation like this, and you won't know what to do. This is why calling in an expert can help tackle the situation in the best ways possible.
The body of an electrical transformer is grounded; this means that there is no current in the body which means that you can touch it with your bare hands. However, you mustn't touch the terminals of the electrical transformer with your bare hands as that can cause electrocution.
Whenever working with any electrical device, it is very important to ensure that you take all necessary safety precautions. Here are some safety tips you can use:
· Regularly inspect your transformer to make sure there are no breakdowns. Check your transformer to sniff if there is any foul smell. If there are any problems with your transformer, there may be a burnt smell. There can be other issues with your transformer, such as damaged power cords.
· When working with a power transformer, it is important to keep the power off so that there is no electricity in the transformer when you are working on it. If you keep the power on, there are chances of electrical leaks and other continuity problems.
· Keep a close eye on the transformer's ratings to see that they stay within safe numbers.
· You must also know the maximum voltage requirements of your transformer so that you do not overload a single transformer. A single transformer should not overload as it takes multiple transformers to bear the impedance of each load.
· Make sure that the transformer is grounded so that there is no static electricity, and the coils are protected.
· You must be very careful to avoid any moisture near the transformer as that can cause problems.
When buying a transformer, there are several factors that you must consider. If you want an expert to help you, you must contact Kato Electrical and get their expert assistance.
Following are the factors you must consider before buying a transformer:
You can either get a single-phase transformer or a three-phase transformer. The phase you choose depends on the equipment you have. A transformer can't change between phases, and this is why it is very important to have the right one.
This is the voltage requirement of the equipment that you connect to the transformer from the side of the output. Make sure you get the one that meets your equipment’s requirements.
The input voltage is the power supply you get from your facility. This power supply needs to match the voltage of your transformer, or it can cause problems.
You can find transformers of different sizes; they come in VA or KVA. To avoid overloading it is important to create a buffer and use a larger unit.
Transformers can be difficult to understand for people who are not from an electrical background. This is why you must contact an expert as soon as there is a need.
Kato Electrical offers the best help for people who need assistance with their transformers. Our electricians are trained and experienced to deal with all sorts of difficult situations. You can contact an electrician Vancouver anytime you want, and Kato Electrical will make sure all your electrical needs are catered to. If you are waiting to make a decision for your electrical transformer, let an expert help you out with their reliable advice.
Reach out to us; our services are available round the clock for customers needing electrical assistance! Come to us with your problems and questions, and allow us to guide you accordingly.